[security - high] postgresql:16 security update

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system (DBMS).

Security Fix(es):

* postgresql: PostgreSQL: Operating system account hijack via symlink following in pg_basebackup and pg_rewind (CVE-2026-6475)
* postgresql: PostgreSQL libpq: Buffer overflow allows server superuser to overwrite client stack memory (CVE-2026-6477)
* postgresql: PostgreSQL: Credential recovery via covert timing channel in MD5 password comparison (CVE-2026-6478)
* postgresql: integer overflow can cause an undersized allocation and an out-of-bounds write (CVE-2026-6473)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

CVE-2026-6473
Integer wraparound in multiple PostgreSQL server features allows an unprivileged database user to cause the server to undersize an allocation and write out-of-bounds. This may execute arbitrary code as the operating system user running the database. In applications that pass gigabyte-scale user inputs to the relevant database functions, the application input provider may achieve a segmentation fault. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.4, 17.10, 16.14, 15.18, and 14.23 are affected.
CVE-2026-6475
Symlink following in PostgreSQL pg_basebackup plain format and in pg_rewind allows an origin superuser to overwrite local files, e.g. /var/lib/postgres/.bashrc, that hijack the operating system account. It will remain the case that starting the server after these commands implicitly trusts the origin superuser, due to features like shared_preload_libraries. Hence, the attack has practical implications only if one takes relevant action between these commands and server start, like moving the files to a different VM or snapshotting the VM. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.4, 17.10, 16.14, 15.18, and 14.23 are affected.
CVE-2026-6477
Use of inherently dangerous function PQfn(..., result_is_int=0, ...) in PostgreSQL libpq lo_export(), lo_read(), lo_lseek64(), and lo_tell64() functions allows the server superuser to overwrite a client stack buffer with an arbitrarily-large response. Like gets(), PQfn(..., result_is_int=0, ...) stores arbitrary-length, server-determined data into a buffer of unspecified size. Because both the \lo_export command in psql and pg_dump call lo_read(), the server superuser can overwrite pg_dump or psql stack memory. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.4, 17.10, 16.14, 15.18, and 14.23 are affected.
CVE-2026-6478
Covert timing channel in comparison of MD5-hashed password in PostgreSQL authentication allows an attacker to recover user credentials sufficient to authenticate. This does not affect scram-sha-256 passwords, the default in all supported releases. However, current databases may have MD5-hashed passwords originating in upgrades from PostgreSQL 13 or earlier. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.4, 17.10, 16.14, 15.18, and 14.23 are affected.

Modularity name: "postgresql"
Stream name: "16"